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Research Summaries

• Differences in Student Arrest Rates Widen When Race, Gender, and Disability Status Overlap, GAO, 2024

• Research on the Impact of School Policing, ACLU of PA, 2024

• Police Presence in Schools Does Not Increase School Safety and Harms Students of Color, School Policing Research to Policy Collaborative and the Federal School Discipline and Climate Coalition, 2021

• The Comprehensive School Safety Initiative Study of Police in Schools, 2022

• Research Summaries: Policing in Schools, National Association of School Psychologist, 2022

• Research to Consider as Schools Address Community Demands to Renegotiate School-Police Partnerships, ChildTrends, 2020

• What Do We Know About the Effects of School-Based Law Enforcement on School Safety?, Justice and Prevention Research Center, 2018 

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What impact do school police have on student conduct?

• Effects of School Resource Officers on School Crime and Responses to School Crime, Criminology and Public Policy, 2020

• An Evaluation of Police Officers in Schools as a Bullying Intervention, Evaluation and Program Planning, 2018

• Policing and Middle School: An Evaluation of a Statewide School Resource Officer Policy, Middle Grades Review, 2018

• Students, Police, and the School-to-Prison Pipeline, Washington University Law Review, 2016

• Police Officers in Schools: Effects on School Crime and the Processing of Offending Behaviors, Justice Quarterly, 2011

 

What impact do school police have on student academic achievement?

• Aggressive Policing and the Educational Performance of Minority Youth, American Sociological Review, 2019​

• Patrolling Public Schools: The Impact of Funding for School Police on Student Discipline and Long-term Education Outcomes, policy brief (Education Research Center The University of Texas at Austin, November 2018) and full research paper (Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2019)

• Be Her Resource:  A Toolkit About School Resource Officers and Girls of Color, Georgetown Law Center on Poverty and Inequality, 2017

• School Resource Officers and Exclusionary Discipline in U.S. High Schools: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Adolescent Research Review, 2016

• Misbehavior, Suspensions, and Security Measures in High School: Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences, 2012

 

Are police involved in discipline?

• Why and When Do School Resource Officers Engage in School Discipline, American Journal of Education Forum, October 23, 2019

• School Policing: Results of a National Survey of School Resource Officers, Education Week, 2018

 

Which students are most likely to be exposed to the negative impacts of school police?

• Reducing Adverse Police Contact Would Heal Wounds for Children and Their Communities, ChildTrends, 2022

• School Climate, Student Discipline, and the Implementation of School Resource Officers, 2022

• Student Surveillance, Racial Inequalities, and Implicit Racial Bias, University of Florida College of Law, April 2017

• Students, Security and Race, University of Florida, 2013

 

What is the overall impact of having police in schools?

• Bullies in Blue: The Origins and Consequences of School Policing, ACLU, 2017

• Rethinking Law Enforcement Officers in Schools, University of Florida Law, 2016